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Stokesay Castle, South Shropshire added to English Heritage in West Midlands by D0c.Col on 07/05/2025

Stokesay Castle is one of the best-preserved medieval manor houses in England, with a fascinating history that blends elements of fortified architecture and domestic comfort. Here's a rundown of its story:
Laurence of Ludlow, one of the richest men in England thanks to the wool trade, started building Stokesay around 1281. He acquired a license to fortify the house in 1291, as a sign of wealth and prestige rather than a real need for defence. The castle’s layout, with it’s central great hall, flanking towers, and a moat, demonstrated a blend of domestic luxury and symbolic strength. Laurence died in a shipwreck off the coast of Ireland in 1294, leaving his project largely complete.
The 14th Century was a period of Prosperity and Consolidation for the family, who retained their ownership of Stokesay, and the castle remained a comfortable rural retreat. The estate benefitted from the ongoing wool trade, which continued to fund both improvements and the maintenance of the property. Although there were no major architectural changes made, the property stayed in active use, with the great hall still at the centre of domestic life.
The 15th Century was largely dominated by the Wars of the Roses where supporters of the Houses of Lancaster and York battled each other to gain control of the English throne. By 1471, it had resulted in the end of the Lancastrian male line, and the subsequent creation of the Tudor dynasty via the union of the two houses through marriage. However, throughout the civil war, Stokesay stayed relatively untouched due to its remote location and lack of military value.
It was during this period Stokesay Castle’s Ownership transitioned by marriage to the Vernon family, a well-established gentry who made the castle their home. There were some subsequent additions made to the property, but mostly minor such as improved fireplaces and windows, reflecting changes in domestic living standards of the time.
The 16th Century and the Tudor period brought peace and prosperity, for the Vernons and they continued to occupy and enjoy the castle. Further modifications in line with the time such as interior panelling, updated furnishings, and subtle architectural tweaks were added for comfort, and as a private residence, it retained its medieval character while adapting to Renaissance tastes.
In the 17th Century Stokesay had passed onto William Craven, 1st Earl of Craven, who was a courtier and soldier from London. One of the wealthiest peers in England he was a keen supporter of King Charles I, and therefore it was no surprise that he took the side of the Royalists during the English Civil War. In 1645, the castle was garrisoned by Royalists but surrendered without bloodshed to the Parliamentarians. As was the way during this turbulent period of English history, Parliament ordered its fortifications dismantled, but since it wasn’t truly defensive, only light damage occurred. It was around this time when the timber-framed gatehouse, built around 1640, some 2 years before the war had started, remained unscathed and is now a signature feature of the property.
During the 18th Century the castle began to fall into disrepair as it was no longer used as a main residence. Romantic ruin culture took hold, where visitors saw it as a relic of a lost age. There was no major restoration undertaken at this time, but its picturesque decay continued to draw the attention of antiquarians and artists.
In 1869, John Derby Allcroft, a Victorian philanthropist, and a wealthy glove manufacturer purchased Stokesay Castle and initiated its restoration, sensitively repairing the structure while preserving its medieval elements.

The castle survived both World Wars without damage as Allcroft's descendants continued to own the castle, opening it to the public and dedicating funds from admissions towards upkeep. However, due to the increasing cost of maintenance, Jewell Magnus-Allcroft, the last Allcroft family member to own the castle, entered an agreement with English Heritage in 1986. English Heritage assumed responsibility for the castle's preservation during her lifetime and inherited ownership upon her death in 1992.

Today it continues to be a popular historic site, with visitor-friendly interpretation and events with the emphasis of preservation, digital archiving, and community engagement. Stokesay Castle is a rare example of a medieval building that has never been significantly altered or rebuilt, making it invaluable for historians and tourists alike.

I TOAL from the English Heritage carpark, which on the date of visit cost £3.50. The carpark is very close to the castle and VLOS is easily maintained, however, as English Heritage has a 'no drones' policy I wouldn't advise this approach. Instead TOAL close to the entrance to the Church where I believe the road is open to the public.

There is a cafe and toilets on their carpark so comfort breaks are well taken care of!

View and discuss this location in more detail on Grey Arrows.

Co-ordinates: 52.43027, -2.831084 • what3words: ///slave.deodorant.smuggled

The originator declared that this location was not inside a Flight Restriction Zone at the time of being flown on 12/04/2025. It remains the responsibility of any pilot to check for any changes before flying at the same location. Landowner permission may be required before taking off.

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Strutt's North Mill, Amber Valley (By D0c.Col)

Strutt’s North Mill in Belper, Derbyshire — one of the standout landmarks of the Industrial Revolution and part of the Derwent Valley Mills UNESCO World Heritage Site.

This is the first of three historic mills I explored in the area, each one with its own story of innovation and the massive changes that shaped Britain’s industrial past. Stick around, because I’ll be diving into the others in future videos."
Early Development and Industrial Innovation
The story of the Strutt mills began in the late 18th century when Jedediah Strutt, a partner of Richard Arkwright, capitalized on the power of the River Derwent to establish cotton spinning mills in Belper. The original North Mill, completed in 1786, was destroyed by fire and rebuilt in 1804 by Jedediah’s son, William Strutt, using pioneering fireproof construction methods. This structure was among the first to use an iron frame, brick arches, and cast iron columns – innovations that set the stage for modern industrial architecture.
The Horseshoe Weir: A Monumental Feat of 18th-Century Engineering
A key but often underappreciated component of the Strutt mill complex in Belper is the Horseshoe Weir, a striking and innovative water management structure that played a vital role in powering the mills. Built around 1797, it is now a Grade II* listed structure and stands as a testament to the ingenuity and ambition of early industrial engineers.
Origins and Purpose
The original South and North Mills were initially powered by water held back by a modest weir near what is now the railway bridge. However, as Jedediah Strutt expanded operations to include the West Mill, a much larger and more efficient water supply was required. Plans for this new structure appeared as early as 1796, and construction began shortly thereafter.
The solution was the Horseshoe Weir, named for its distinct curved shape. Its design and capacity dramatically enhanced the control and volume of water available for powering the mill complex. By strategically managing the flow of the River Derwent, the weir transformed the surrounding landscape and water system.
Scale and Modification
The weir was significantly altered and raised twice in the 19th century, in 1819 and 1843, yet it remains largely unchanged in its original function and form. These modifications increased the head of water, allowing for more consistent power generation even during periods of low river flow.
By 1820, the changes brought about by the weir had effectively added 5.8 hectares of water surface to the Derwent near Bridge Foot. This was a dramatic reshaping of the natural landscape for industrial use, underscoring the monumental scale of the Strutts’ enterprise.
Today, the Horseshoe Weir is recognized as one of the most outstanding civil engineering structures of the late 18th century. Its graceful curve, historical integrity, and continued presence offer a powerful visual and functional link to Belper’s industrial past.
Social Impact and Community Building
The Strutt family were not only industrialists but also social reformers. They created an entire community infrastructure around the mills, including housing, schools, and churches. At its zenith, the Strutt mill complex employed nearly 2,000 people, transforming Belper into a thriving industrial town and the second-largest in Derbyshire by 1801.
Decline and Demolition
The 20th century brought significant changes. Many original Strutt buildings – including the West, Junction, and Reeling Mills, along with the distinctive Round Building – were demolished between 1959 and 1966. This drastically altered the landscape of the site. Today, only the North Mill, East Mill, several ancillary structures, and the nearby horseshoe weir survive, offering just a glimpse of what was once a sprawling industrial complex that dominated the town’s economy and skyline.
Museum Era and Recent Challenges
The North Mill operated as a museum for many years under the stewardship of the Belper North Mill Trust, serving as a key educational and tourist destination. It showcased the history of textile manufacturing, the Strutt family, and Belper’s industrial past.
However, in September 2022, the museum closed its doors due to the withdrawal of council funding and increased rental costs. Despite this setback, the Trust continues its mission through guided heritage walks and a virtual tour available online. Exhibits have also been relocated to Cromford Mills in partnership with the Arkwright Society, ensuring the continued public engagement with this important legacy.

TOAL is plentiful, from the Belper River Park behind the mill and across the road that leads to Bridge Foot and the Horseshoe Weir (there is a very convenient wall to sit on directly opposite the mill here).

The mill is unmissable driving through Belper and carparking is freely available just passed Bridge Foot and the Horseshoe Weir. Town is full of the usual amenities and the Belper River Park is a delight to sit and have an icecream.